---
title: Scholar
slug: scaleserp/search-api/searches/google/scholar
docTags:
createdAt: 2024-08-03T18:00:34.679Z
---
# Google Scholar Parameters
`GET` `/search?search_type=scholar`
The Google Scholar Parameters are applicable when making a request with `search_type=scholar` to retrieve scholar results for a given search term. The search term is specified in the `q` parameter and the optional `location` parameter can be used to geo-locate the scholar request (locations can be retrieved via the [Locations API](https://docs.trajectdata.com/scaleserp/locations-api/overview)).
For example, to request scholar results for the keyword `rubifen` in the location `United States` , the request would be:
:::CodeblockTabs
HTTP
```HTTP
https://api.scaleserp.com/search?api_key=demo&search_type=scholar&q=rubifen&location=United+States
```
```curl
curl -L --get https://api.scaleserp.com/search \
-d api_key="demo" \
-d q="rubifen" \
-d search_type="scholar" \
-d location="United+States"
```
```nodejs
const axios = require('axios');
// set up the request parameters
const params = {
api_key: "demo",
q: "rubifen",
search_type: "scholar",
location: "United+States"
}
// make the http GET request
axios.get('https://api.scaleserp.com"/search', { params })
.then(response => {
// print the JSON response
console.log(JSON.stringify(response.data, 0, 2));
}).catch(error => {
// catch and print the error
console.log(error);
})
```
```python
import requests
import json
# set up the request parameters
params = {
'api_key': 'demo',
'q': 'rubifen',
'search_type': 'scholar',
'location': 'United+States'
}
# make the http GET request
api_result = requests.get('https://api.scaleserp.com/search', params)
# print the JSON response
print(json.dumps(api_result.json()))
```
```php
'demo',
'q' => 'rubifen',
'search_type' => 'scholar',
'location' => 'United+States'
]);
# make the http GET request
$ch = curl_init(sprintf('%s?%s', 'https://api.scaleserp.com/search', $queryString));
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, true);
# the following options are required if you're using an outdated OpenSSL version
# more details: https://www.openssl.org/blog/blog/2021/09/13/LetsEncryptRootCertExpire/
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, false);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, false);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 180);
$api_result = curl_exec($ch);
curl_close($ch);
# print the JSON response
echo $api_result;
?>
```
:::
***
### Google Scholar Parameters
The following parameters are available for all requests made when `search_type=scholar` .
| *`Parameter`* | *`Required`* | *`Description`* |
| ----------------------------- | ------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| *`search_type`* | *`required`* | Should be set to `search_type=scholar` . |
| *`q`* | *`required`* | The keyword you want to use to perform the Scholar search. |
| *`location`* | *`optional`* | Determines the geographic location in which the query is executed. You can enter any location as free-text, but if you choose one of the Scale SERP [built-in locations ](https://docs.trajectdata.com/scaleserp/locations-api/overview)then the `google_domain` , `gl` and `hl` parameters are automatically updated to the domain, country and language that match the built-in location (note that this behaviour can be disabled via the `location_auto` parameter). |
| *`location_auto`* | *`optional`* | If the `location` field is set to a Scale SERP [built-in location ](https://docs.trajectdata.com/scaleserp/locations-api/overview)from the [Locations API ](https://docs.trajectdata.com/scaleserp/locations-api/overview), and `location_auto` is set to `true` (default) then the `google_domain` , `gl` and `hl` parameters are automatically updated to the domain, country and language that match the built-in location. Valid values are `true` (default) to enable this behaviour or `false` to disable. |
| *`uule`* | *`optional`* | The Google UULE parameter - use to pass through a custom `uule` parameter to Google. Scale SERP automatically generates the `uule` when you use the `location` parameter but we allow you to overwrite it directly by specifying a `uule` directly. |
| *`google_domain`* | *`optional`* | The Google domain to use to run the search query. View the full list of supported `google_domain` values [here ](https://docs.trajectdata.com/scaleserp/search-api/reference/google-domains). Defaults to `google.com` . |
| *`gl`* | *`optional`* | The `gl` parameter determines the Google country to use for the query. View the full list of supported `gl` values [here ](https://docs.trajectdata.com/scaleserp/search-api/reference/google-countries). Defaults to `us` . |
| *`hl`* | *`optional`* | The `hl` parameter determines the Google UI language to return results. View the full list of supported `hl` values [here ](https://docs.trajectdata.com/scaleserp/search-api/reference/google-languages). Defaults to `en` . |
| *`lr`* | *`optional`* | The `lr` parameter limits the results to websites containing the specified language. View the full list of supported `lr` values [here ](https://docs.trajectdata.com/scaleserp/search-api/reference/google-lr-languages). |
| *`cr`* | *`optional`* | The `cr` parameter instructs Google to limit the results to websites in the specified country. View the full list of supported `cr` values [here ](https://docs.trajectdata.com/scaleserp/search-api/reference/google-cr-countries). |
| *`page`* | *`optional`* | Determines the page of results to return, defaults to `1` . |
| *`max_page`* | *`optional`* | Use the `max_page` parameter to get multiple pages of results in one request. The API will automatically paginate through pages and concatenate the results into one response.
See the [Pagination ](https://docs.trajectdata.com/scaleserp/search-api/pagination)docs for more information. |
| *`sort_by`* | *`optional`* | Determines how results are sorted, valid values are `relevance` or `date` . |
| *`scholar_include_citations`* | *`optional`* | Determines whether to include citations or not when the `search_type` parameter is set to `scholar` . Valid values are `true` or `false` . Defaults to `true` . Drives the following option: |
| *`scholar_year_min`* | *`optional`* | Determines the year from which results should be included when `search_type=scholar` . For example, if you set `scholar_year_min=2018` the results before 2018 will be omitted. This parameter can be combined with the `scholar_year_max` parameter. |
| *`scholar_year_max`* | *`optional`* | Determines the year from which results should be included when `search_type=scholar` . For example, if you set `scholar_year_max=2019` the results after 2019 will be omitted. This parameter can be combined with the `scholar_year_min` parameter. |
| *`scholar_patents_courts`* | *`optional`* | The `scholar_patents_courts` parameter can be used either as both a way of limiting the Scholar search or as a filter (this is due to how Google implements this parameter itself).
**As a Filter** the valid values are:
`0` (default) - include patents
`1` - exclude patents
**As a way of limiting a Scholar search** the valid values are:
`4` - case law (US courts only). This will select all the State and Federal courts.
To select specific courts, see the [full list of supported Google Scholar courts ](https://docs.trajectdata.com/scaleserp/search-api/reference/google-scholar-courts).
For example, `scholar_patents_courts=4,33,192` `4` is the required value and should always be in the first position, `33` selects all New York courts and `192` selects Tax Court. Values must be separated by a comma. |
| *`scisbd`* | *`optional`* | The Scholar `scisbd` parameter can be set to `1` or `2` . |
***
**Next Steps**
[Google Scholar Results](https://docs.trajectdata.com/scaleserp/search-api/results/google/scholar)